The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of carriage — what we typically call transmission — and to understand that fully, we need to understand the ...

This series is excerpted from “3G Evolution, HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, 2e.” Order this book today and receive an additional 20% discount. www.elsevierdirect.com and make sure to type in 92839 ...

It was once a strongly held opinion that there were only four types of effects processors. There were those that affect frequency, those that affect time, those that affect amplitude, and those that ...

March 13, 2013. Tektronix Inc. today announced a new software option for its OM4000 optical modulation analyzer series that offers automated test support for 400G multicarrier coherent optical ...

Fiber-optic interferometric sensors have emerged as essential tools in precision measurement, utilising the interference of coherent light to detect minute displacements and variations in physical ...

A candidate for modernized GNSS civil signals in the L1/E1 band was BOC(1,1), a binary-offset-carrier signal with a “split spectrum” that has negligible impact on the existing GPS signals. However, a ...