The fig wasp pollination mutualism is a quintessential example of an obligate ecological interaction, wherein minute pollinator wasps and their Ficus hosts engage in an intricate and enduring ...

Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants feeding on nectar produced from extrafloral nectaries, located at the base of the leaves of swollen-thorn acacias (Vachellia collinsii). In this obligate mutualistic ...

As economists and theorists circle around the idea of the “future of capitalism,” the old-new concept of “mutualism” is emerging from the bottom up, as the next “ism” beyond capitalism that provides ...

A second Bartel collage, “Glorious Mutualism, Asymmetrical yet Reciprocal — 21st-Century Commensalism,” features two main images. On the left, a man is attempting to cut a huge tree into pieces with a ...

Andrew Taylor-Robinson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations ...