Risk-free return represents the theoretical yield on a perfect investment with zero risk. Learn how it's calculated and ...

Q. I have prepared projections for a proposed project, and I want to calculate the internal rate of return. Instead of using Excel’s IRR function, should I use simple math formulas so others can ...

Everyone loves seeing growth in their portfolio. However, a good year of investing doesn't necessarily indicate a sound long-term investment strategy. Generating sufficient retirement income means ...

Have you ever looked at your rate of return and wondered how to interpret it? How do you know whether your portfolio performance is good, bad, or somewhere in between? And how do you go about ...

Given the decades-long market upswing followed by the recent downturn, you may have questions about if your money is really working for you. For instance, is it possible to make an average 25% rate of ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

A hurdle rate is the minimum acceptable rate of return an investor expects from an investment, accounting for all associated risks. It serves as a benchmark for determining the viability of a project ...

It is difficult to know how much to invest in stocks or for how long you need to hold that investment. The truth is that, historically, the stock market averages around a 10% rate of return, not ...

Through good times and bad, public pension plans have been reducing their assumed rates of return for more than a decade, a recognition that they must be more conservative for the long term. But the ...